Business Law - Case Study Essay Example for Free

Business Law Case Study Essay A.Known Facts John wanted to extend his house and built an office from there. He approached Sue after locating an advertisement from the Yellow Pages. As Sue’s price did not seem reasonable, John then approached Drawit Pty Ltd, which charged a hundred dollar less. John paid a deposit. Later, John went to Franks Hardware and Timber Yard. He made known to Frank, the sole proprietor, the purpose and requirement of the materials and placed an order. John signed a standard form contract and paid a deposit. Two months later, problems arose which caused John to delay his business. John incurred financial losses. B.IDENTIFYING THE ISSUES 1.0CONTRACT BETWEEN JOHN FRANK. It is obvious that there is a contract for the sales of goods between Frank and John. Therefore, terms implied by statute into the sales of goods will only be relevant here. 1.1Is it a consumer or non-consumer contract? Here, we need to consider the definitions of consumer both under Trade Practices Act (TPA) and Goods Act Part IV (GA-IV). As the total price of the goods is $20,500, it is under the TPA s4B(1) (a)(i) prescribed limit. Having satisfied this, we need to consider s4B(1) (a)(iii). There is no evidence showing that John had acquired the goods for the purpose of re-supply or transform them. It might be a consumer contract under TPA. $20,500 exceeds the threshold amount under GA-IV s85(1) (a). John then needs to satisfy s85(1) (b). His materials were of a kind that is ordinarily  acquired for personal consumption. Moreover, s85(1) (c) and (d) did not apply. Therefore, it might also be a consumer contract within s85 of the GA. A consumer contract subjects either to TPA or GA-IV means that Goods Act Part I do not apply. 1.2 TPA or GA-IV? A seller must be a corporation to be under the TPA. As Frank Hardware is a sole proprietor, it therefore is not subjected to the TPA. It then must fall under GA-IV. GA-IV applies to all consumer contracts for the sale of goods that take place in the course of business, irrespective of whether the seller is a corporation, a partnership or a sole trader. 1.3What are the Implied terms that are breached? (i)GA-IV s(90) Fitness for particular purposes John had a contract with Frank for the supply of materials and the sale took place in the course of a business. John made known the purpose for which the goods were required and had relied on his skill and judgement in choosing the appropriate materials. It was also reasonable for John to rely on Frank. Therefore, there is an implied condition that the materials supplied be fit for that particular purpose. However, the materials were not of the purpose for which it was supplied. This implied term had been breached. (ii)GA-IV s(89) Merchantable quality As the materials were sold in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the materials be fit for their normal purpose(s) having regarded the price. When the materials were delivered, the pine is not limed and the oregon beams  have unsightly knots. John was not aware of the defect before the sale and if John had inspected the materials before sale it would not have revealed the defect. This is because John did not know that he actually had to lime the pine himself and the knots on the beams might not be easily seen. Therefore, there is evidence that this implied term had been breached. 1.4What is the effect of exclusion clause? As the materials bought by John is a kind normally acquired for personal consumption, Frank cannot rely on the exclusion clause to exclude his liability. This is evidenced by GA-IV s95(1). 1.5What are the remedies available? John can terminate the contract and sue for damages. This means that he may return the materials and receive a refund. However, the goods must be returned as provided by s99 that as long as the defect becomes apparent within a reasonable time after delivery, the goods may be returned within reasonable time after discovering the defect. John may also receive compensation for losses caused by the breach of implied terms. 2.0CONTRACT BETWEEN JOHN SUE. 2.1Offer or Invitation to Treat? First, we need to distinguish offer from invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is an invitation to others to make an offer. Generally, an advertisement amounts to an invitation to treat. This is held in Partridge V Crittenden [1968] 2 All ER 421, where Sue will be inviting John to make an offer. However, there is an exception. An advertisement can also be an offer. This can be illustrated in Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256 in which Sue might probably argue that it was an offer. This being the case, Sue is the offeror will stressed that the offer was assumed to be accepted  by John upon saying â€Å" I think that’ll be okay †. An offer, once accepted, cannot be revoked. Therefore there will be a binding contract. Assuming that it is an offer, it can either be a counter offer or a mere request for more information. 2.2Counter Offer or Mere Request for More Information? An offer will be rejected if there is a counter offer. A counter offer tampers with the original condition of the offer, it rejects the original offer and can no longer be accepted at later date. Looking at the words used in John’s reply â€Å" I hadn’t expect it to be so high †, it is possible that this was either an acceptance with a request for more information, or a counter-offer. If the court found the facts here sufficiently similar to those in Stevenson Jacques V McLean (1880) 5 QBD 346, it could hold that the words were a mere request for information. This being the case, the offer remains open and can be accepted. Another alternative is that the court might hold that John’s reply amounts to a counter offer as it seems to add new terms to the offer. This would be similar to Hyde V Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334, in which the counter offer involved a reduction in price. As in that case, the counter offer made by John had the effect of destroying the original offer made by Sue. Sue is then free to accept or reject this counter offer. Sue, by quoting the price of $1500, clearly shows that she had accepted the counter offer and made a new offer. It is now up to John, the offeree, to accept or reject the offer. 2.3Acceptance or Rejection? Sue could rely on the fact that the mode of communication is instantaneous, i.e. a telephone conversation. She will argue that John’s response over the phone is assumed to be an acceptance to the new offer. This forms a contract in which she can argue that it had been breached. REMEDIES FOR SUE (Damages) However, John can argue that there was no contract because his response failed to satisfy the rule that an acceptance must be absolute and unqualified. In fact, it’s a statement of his opinion of what he thought and therefore he reserved the right to change his mind. An offer, which had not been accepted, does not form a contract. Therefore there is no breach of contract and that he did not have to pay the pro rata amount requested by Sue. REMEDIES FOR JOHN (Do not have to pay) Having considered both sides of the argument, it is more likely that there is a contract between John and Sue. And that it is a breach in which John had to pay. 3.0 CONTRACT BETWEEN JOHN AND DRAWIT. It is clear that there is a service contract in which Drawit is to provide a plan for John. Due to the fact that terms implied under Statute only apply to consumer contracts, we need to determine if one exists in order to enforce the implied terms. 3.1Is it a consumer contract? To illustrate whether it is a consumer contract, we need to compare the definition of consumer under Trade Practices Act (TPA) and Goods Act Part IV (GA-IV). s4B(b) (i) of the TPA required that price of the service be less that $40,000. If it exceeds that amount, it must be a kind ordinary acquired for personal use. s85(a) of the GA-IV restricted that amount to be under $20,000. Similarly, if exceeds that prescribed amount, it must be for  personal consumption. Given the service price of $1,400 and that John had acquired it for personal use, it is obvious that it falls under both the TPA and GA-IV. Therefore we know that there is a consumer contract. We then need to identify which of the Acts it falls into. 3.2TPA or GA-IV? TPA probably applies because there is evidence that Drawit is a corporation. This can be recognised by the ‘Pty Ltd’ in Drawits’s company name. Having recognised that it subjects to TPA, it is obvious that GA-IV does not apply. 3.3What are the Implied Warranties that have been breached? As Drawit provide the similar service as Sue, we assumed that John had also made know the purpose for which the plan was required and that relied on the seller’s skills to perform the service. (i)TPA s74(1) Due and skills Drawit supplied the services in the course of a business, so there is an implied warranty that the service will be rendered with due care and skill. The material supplied (plan) in connection with the service must also be fit for the purpose for which they are supplied. It is obvious that Drawit had breached this implied warranty because the material supplied was not fit for the purpose, i.e. it did not meet the Council’s standards. (ii)TPA s74(2) Fitness for particular purposes Applying our assumption that John had made known to Drawit his requirements for which the services were required and that Drawit had supplied the service in the course of a business. There is an implied warranty that the  service and the materials supplied in connection of the service will be reasonably fit for that purpose and that it is reasonable for John in that circumstances to rely on Drawit’s skill. The plan did not meet the Council’s requirement. This shows that it did not fit the purpose for which the services were required. Therefore there is a breach of this warranty. 3.4Can the implied terms be excluded? As the service provided is of a type ordinarily acquired for personal domestic or household use. Under s68 of TPA, Drawit cannot exclude or limit the implied warranties. 3.5What are the remedies that are available? John can terminate the contract and sue for damages. This means that he could get a refund for the services and also receive compensation for the losses caused by the breached of the implied terms.

The Rift Wars :: essays research papers

THE RIFT WARS Long before humans came to this part of the world, dwarves and elves made their homes in Caspia. Neither group bothered the other because they did not desire the lands of the other. After a time, however, their racial incompatibility began to wear on them. Since their basic attitudes and outlooks were so different, their infrequent encounters became less and less civil. Eventually, their leaders forbade their subjects to have anything to do with the other race. Feelings of mistrust and dislike grew as the years passed, eventually blossoming into hatred. Often, the younger, more hotheaded dwarves and elves disobeyed the orders of their elders. Members of each race began to stage guerilla raids on the other. Finally, the elves and dwarves declared an all-out war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The elves, armed with powerful magic, reduced the fortresses of the dwarves to rubble. Their skilled archers also decimated the dwarven offense in the forest. Defeat for the dwarven army seemed certain, but the dwarves were not to be easily beaten. Exploiting the blustery winds of the Rift, the dwarves lit and burned large tracts of woods. Either to avenge the burning forest or to escape the mounting flames, the elves poured out of the woods in droves. As they emerged from the flaming trees, half blinded by hot ash and choking smoke, the dwarves mowed them down. The blood of these two peoples ran thick in the Caspian River.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Meanwhile, the truly evil god Morgion with his orcs and goblins capitalized on a chance to wreak havoc on two of their most hated enemies. They began to covertly destroy the villages of both elves and dwarves, knowing that the feuding creatures would blame each other for these atrocities. The young, the old, the crippled, and the infirm of both races began to feel the bite of both lawful and chaotic blades.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For a time, this ruse worked perfectly. The slaughter of the innocents served to inflame the passions of the combatants, and they fought all the more fiercely because of it. The elves and dwarves might well have exterminated one another, had not an elven child escaped the carnage in one of the orc raids and told his rescuers of the monsters who were actually responsible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then the elves and dwarves met under a flag of truce, where they agreed to set aside their differences and deal with the common enemy. Their combined forces were mighty enough to crush the hordes of the evil Morgion.

In What way is the “war like moor” flawed? Essay

Trace the stages of his demise and the affect it has on characters and events in the drama. Othello is a play which conforms to the generic features of a tragedy, The entire drama is about Othello’s downfall, which is orchestrated by Iago. The fall of Othello throws the play into chaos and brings down the people around him. Othello is a man with a powerful position within the army, the high position is one of the features of a tragedy. The protagonist needs to have a position to lose. The flaw that is magnified to bring him down is jealousy, this is seized on by Iago who makes Othello’s fate unavoidable. Othello is blind to this inevitable demise that causes him to murder his wife and his close friend Cassio to die. Every tragic hero performs an act of hubris, Othello’s act is to kill Desdemona. Othello believes he has the right to kill her because she has gone against convention to make him a cuckold, as a man he believes he has power to. The peripertia is an important time in the play, Othello has been having good fortune up until he murders Desdemona. This is when Othello has his anagnorisis, he realises that she was innocent and he killed her unjustly. Following this discovery Othello’s fall from greatness begins, he is no longer respected and he loses his position in the army. The death of Othello restores the natural order of the play. Othello is introduced to the audience by other characters within the play. Iago undermines the audience’s view of Othello as a hero, he focuses on Othello’s race and sexuality to present Othello as negative. Iago uses lots of sexual imagery, talking about an â€Å"old black ram† and a â€Å"white ewe†. He sets up imagery of Othello being a violent man with an innocent girl. This also brings in symbols, the black represents the devil and evil whereas Desdemona is shown to be innocent and pure. Othello’s male sexuality is shown as negative and beast like. Iago is preoccupied with Othello’s sexuality, he is jealous of his strength, masculinity and heroism. Brabantio accuses Othello of practising â€Å"foul charms† on Desdemona, he cannot understand how his pure daughter would fall in love with the â€Å"lascivious moor†. Brabantio sees it as being against â€Å"all rules of nature†. He believes that because Othello is a black man in a white society that he cannot have a high class white lady. Throughout the play there is contrasting viewpoints. Othello is respected by the Duke and others within the army, they believe him to be a â€Å"valiant moor† but Iago sees Othello as â€Å"defective†. This shows how Othello really is, respected and how Iago is the only person to see Othello as evil. Iago is blinded by his desire for revenge. There are further contrasts within the play with Desdemona being pure and Bianca being a â€Å"strumpet†. This enhances Desdemona’s image of being pure and faithful. She remains two dimensional in the play, a woman of unquestioning virtue. Othello is flawed in many ways, he is jealous and of honour but it is pride that leads to his ultimate undoing. The jealousy is his most evident flaw. He is portrayed to be a â€Å"green eyed monster†. This has as emotional and physical effect, he is green with envy and it eats away at his mind but also it affects his body. He suffers from epilepsy due to the stress he receives as a result of his jealousy. When Othello finds himself to be a â€Å"cuckold† his pride is wounded and he needs to regain it somehow. In an attempt at regaining it he commits an act of hubris, namely murdering his wife, the â€Å"fair lady†. As her husband he sees himself to be better than her and to therefore have power over her. It is implied within the play that Othello’s belief of himself as higher Desdemona morally is impossible. This is achieved through pathos as the audience emphasises with Desdemona. In depicting Desdemona as â€Å"divine† the audience sees her as a perfect wife, therefore when her husband wrongly kills her, the audience feels sorry for her and condemnatory to Othello. The audience recognises Othello has been manipulated however their sympathies do not lie with him as a victim in the same way they perceive Desdemona. It is very easy for Iago to manipulate Othello, this is mainly due to his reputation as an â€Å"honest† man and Othello’s naivety. Othello is also worried because he is a black, â€Å"unbookish† man in a white upper-class society. He does not truly believe that Desdemona can love him because of this and doubts her true love for him but really she is loyal to her â€Å"master†. Othello could not stand back and qualify why she loved him, he is driven by his own love. He believes he loved â€Å"not wisely but too well†. As Iago is seen to be a man of â€Å"exceeding honesty† Othello has no reason to query the seeds of doubt Iago sows. Iago does not say that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio, he just makes remarks and informs Othello of things that make him doubt it. Iago tells Othello of Cassio sneaking away so â€Å"guilt-like†. This is so it cannot come back to him with Othello saying Iago told him. Also Iago acts resistant to reveal information about Cassio, pretending to defend him but really casting more doubt on him. Iago says he would rather have his â€Å"tongue cut† from his mouth than to expose Cassio but really he is happy to do it but wants the situation to seem worse. Iago believes he is justified in what he is doing to Othello but there is no real evidence to this being true. He has two main reasons for his attempts at bringing down Othello, he believes he deserved the job which Cassio was given and he thinks that Othello slept with his wife. Iago’s belief that Othello slept with his wife comes from a rumour he heard but it is not supported with proof. Iago knows that is probably is not true but he uses it as an excuse anyway, he admits it is only â€Å"thought† that Othello has slept with his wife. Othello’s skin colour contributes to Iago’s reasons to bring down Othello, he sees him as undeserving of the rank because of his race and he does not believe it matters if a black man is brought down. Iago wanted Cassio’s job because it would mean that he would have power and Iago craves power. He is frustrated at being constantly overlooked within the army and having no authority. Iago is respected for his honesty but this is ironic be cause he is the complete opposite. He says, â€Å"I am not what I am†, admitting he is putting an act on to everyone so he can gain trust to lead Othello to his downfall. A lot of Iago’s plans are for â€Å"sport†, he enjoys to see people suffer, he wants to see people suffer because he feels rejected. Iago is not seen as a best friend but as someone trustworthy, this upsets him, leading to his need for revenge. Iago sees himself to be the master of himself, â€Å"I follow but myself†, he is completely in control of his actions and his surroundings, even at the end of the play when his plot has failed he is in control by refusing to reveal his plot. Lodovico represents Venetian society and is a relative of Desdemona so his views are key to the play. Lodovico plays the part of the chorus, he is detached from the main event and has a critical perspective on Othello’s actions. Lodovico arrives late in the play and therefore does not see everything that has happened, he meets Othello for the first time and does not see the â€Å"valiant moor† he expected but a â€Å"cruel moor†. He arrives in the court to see Othello slapping his wife and does not believe that this can be the same man that the senate call â€Å"all-in-all sufficient†. Lodovico believes he is â€Å"deceived† by Othello and the stories he has heard of him. Othello’s downfall has now become public. Lodovico’s appearance in the play also reminds the audience of what Desdemona gave up to be with Othello, this makes the audience believe that Othello is even more demonic for attacking and murdering Desdemona. Othello’s demise brings chaos to the army, with him dead and Cassio being dismissed only Iago is left. If Iago had not been found out then he would be in charge of the army which would be a disaster. He would lead with a corrupt power and he would be tyrannical. The Venetian society would fall if Iago were in charge due to his self-obsession. Desdemona’s suffering starts with the handkerchief, at this point Othello believes his suspicions of her are confirmed. The highpoint of her suffering comes when it becomes public. When he slaps her in public there is a realisation by everyone that Othello is changing. The slap brings high embarrassment to Desdemona. The unjustified suffering which Desdemona is receiving has an emotional and physical affect on her, she is so upset and bewildered by what Othello is accusing her of, she questions everything he says, confused and bewildered. Desdemona cannot bring herself to say what Othello accused her of because she finds it so disgusting. The physical effects of her suffering are the slap that she receives and her death. Othello is insecure about his race and this leads to his belief that he never truly deserved her. As Othello never honestly believed that he deserved Desdemona Iago easily took him in. He is deceived by Iago’s lies and tricks because he never believed that Desdemona loved him and he does not believe what she says because of it. If he were not so insecure he would listen to her and realise that she was honest all along. Othello asks for â€Å"proof† of her affair but what he really wants is proof of her love. He gave her the handkerchief as a token of his love and he has not received anything in return. Othello is blind to many things, not just his own weaknesses but Desdemona’s undying love for him. Othello has no understanding of his own weaknesses and how they can be manipulated. He is also blind to the true virtue of Desdemona, he sees her as perfect at the start, with not one flaw but by the end he calls her a â€Å"strumpet†. Othello cannot see Desdemona as anything other than perfect or evil, there is no middle ground in his mind. In his mind she is either a â€Å"fair lady† or a â€Å"strumpet†, he believes she is an icon for good with no possibility for weakness. Othello is more accepting of the negative points, this is due to his life of â€Å"slavery† and situations of â€Å"imminent deadly breach†. He can relate to negative problems but he does not have any experience of a good life. Othello’s poor judgement leads to him wrongly dismissing his best friend and believing a deceitful Iago. Othello believes all that Iago says but ignores what the other characters say. He poorly judges the situation. Emilia is the most grief stricken character following Desdemona’s death, she feels that she is partly to blame for Desdemona’s death. She feels this because it was her that stole the hanky and gave it away, if she had not then Desdemona may not have died. Emilia is very loyal to Desdemona, she pledges her loyalty to Desdemona. After the murder she tells Othello that Desdemona is â€Å"heavenly true† and would not cheat on him. Her true feelings begin to emerge, she calls Othello a â€Å"devil†, she no longer fears him because by committing murder he has lost all power. She believes Othello is as â€Å"ignorant as dirt† to fall for Iago’s plans. Iago tells Emilia to â€Å"charm† her tongue, he does not want her to talk because she can reveal him for what he is. She ignores his orders and chooses to stay loyal to her mistress, saying she is â€Å"bound to speak†. The loyalty she has for Desdemona is greater than that for her husband, she takes this so far as to be killed. Iago shows no remorse for what he has done, he remains resolute and chooses â€Å"never to speak a word†, by doing this he remains in control and stops the situation becoming worse. Lodovico condemns Iago on his actions, he and Gratiano vow to make Iago talk through â€Å"torments† and torture if that is what is necessary. They feel Iago has committed a crime against Venetian society bringing down its General and causing chaos within the army. Justice is reinstated when Othello kills himself, the audience is made to feel that as he took a life it is right that his should be taken. The characters condemn Othello as the fool that he is and that he is revealed to be a slave of his passions. Othello dies seeing himself to be the enemy, killing not himself but what he has become. He recognises his own damnation and welcomes it to equal the scales. Othello cannot control what he does, he cannot control his emotions. Iago is seen for what he really is, a â€Å"cunning† man with overpowering greed and jealousy. He is hungry for power and this is what leads to him bringing chaos and destruction to the Venetian society. With Cassio in charge of the army, order is restored, the society can get on as if it had not happened. The realisation Othello has of his flaws give the audience a sense of catharsis, the audience feel that now he knows of his mistakes he cannot do more wrong. He feels bad for what he has done and understands that killing himself is the only way to restore order. It is arguable that the play does not give a sense of catharsis because it is never shown that Iago is tortured. The audience never sees him being properly punished for the problems he has caused. Also Iago never repent of what he has done, he never understands the pandemonium he has brought to the Venetian society. Overall Othello is flawed in many ways, he is jealous, insecure and full of pride, This leads to his demise and the demise of the other characters within the play.

Essay on Male Breast Cancer - 1361 Words

â€Å"The term â€Å"breast cancer† refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast† (Breast Cancer,n.d). What society does not realize, is that men have breasts. If men can have abnormal cell growths in the breast, they are except-able to breast cancer as well. Men need to be aware of the prevention, diagnoses, and treatments for male breast cancer. Society links breast cancer to women, but what about the males in our society? Males have breast tissues, Boys and mens bodies normally do not produce much of the breast stimulating hormones. As a result their breast tissue usually stays flat and small (Breast Cancer,2008). Men usually have mounds of fat breast tissue, but a small percentage can have real†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, in addition to the males occupation, radiation exposure and age can lead to breast cancer developments ( National Cancer Institute, 2007). When these risk factors are revealed in a diagnoses of breast canc er, men have more advanced cancerous growths than women (Giordano, 2004). So men may think, how do I get breast cancer? Is it inherited? Breast cancer is normally linked by society though genetics of female family members. Some men in society may think that they, personally, can not get breast cancer because they are not women. While in todays society,some men normally link breasts to women. When men hear breast cancer, they may think of women. According to Fackelmann, if a male family member has a history of prostate cancer, the risk for cancer increases throughout other male or female family members (1992). Remember, the definition of cancer, abnormal cell growths of the breast tissue. Breast cancer does not choose between male or females. Males and females both have breasts tissue. However, patients with high risks include men and woman over the age of 40 (National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d). 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ThisRead MoreAdult Case Study : Male Breast Cancer3050 Words   |  13 PagesStudy: Male Breast Cancer Carly Regan Loyola University Chicago Introduction Overview When the topic of breast cancer is discussed in conversation, most will think of it as a female diagnosis. While the greatest percentages of patients diagnosed with breast cancer are female, it is still possible that males can be diagnosed. It is a diagnosis that practitioners should always keep in the back of their minds as a differential when a male presents with a breast mass. AlthoughRead MoreMale Breast Cancer2120 Words   |  9 PagesMale Breast Cancer, Causes, Risk Factors and Prevention By Istvan S Diego Introduction Notwithstanding that male breast cancer is a rare phenomenon, it is still possible. Such cases account for only 1% of all breast cancer. The American Cancer Society forecasts that over 1,000 new cases of breast cancer in men will be diagnosed in 2010 (Male Breast Cancer). 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These issues can cause problems to the next generation as well. This paper will explore the various health issues to the women by looking specifically at the unique concerns to the women such as women’s mental health, breast cancer and gestational diabetes. I will try to discuss these points and find out the causes behind these problems. Finally, I will try to conclude all these points at the end of my paper for myself and for the reader as well. History of women’s health

How to Use the Metric System in Spanish

You may speak Spanish well, but if youre talking to typical Spaniards or Latin Americans using inches, cups, miles, and gallons, chances are they wont understand you well even if they know words such as pulgadas and millas. With a few exceptions—among ​them, Spanish speakers inside the United States—Spanish speakers throughout the world use the metric system of measurements in everyday life. Although local or indigenous measurements are in use in some places, and American/British measurements are occasionally used for some specific instances (gasoline is sold by the gallon in some parts of Latin America, for example), the metric system is universally understood in the Spanish-speaking world. The metric system has widespread usage even in Puerto Rico, even though it is a U.S. territory. British Measurements and Their Metric Equivalents in Spanish Here are the most common British measurements and their metric equivalents in Spanish and English: Length (Longitud) 1 centimeter (centà ­metro) 0.3937 inches (pulgadas)1 inch (pulgada) 2.54 centimeters (centà ­metros)1 foot (pie) 30.48 centimeters (centà ­metros)1 foot (pie) 0.3048 meters (metros)1 yard (yarda) 0.9144 meters (metros)1 meter (metro) 1.093613 yards (yardas)1 kilometer (kilà ³metro) 0.621 miles (millas)1 mile (milla) 1.609344 kilometers (kilà ³metros) Weight (Peso) 1 gram (gramo) 0.353 ounces (onzas)1 ounce (onza) 28.35 grams (gramos)1 pound (libra) 453.6 grams (gramos)1 pound (libra) 0.4563 kilograms (kilogramos)1 kilogram (kilogramo) 2.2046 pounds (libras)1 American ton (tonelada americana) 0.907 metric tons (toneladas mà ©tricas)1 metric ton (tonelada mà ©trica) 1.1 metric tons (toneladas mà ©tricas) Volume/capacity (volumen/capacidad) 1 milliliter (mililitro) 0.034 fluid ounces (onzas fluidas)1 milliliter (mililitro) 0.2 teaspoons (cucharaditas)1 fluid ounce (onza fluida) 29.6 milliliters (mililitros)1 teaspoon (cucharadita) 5 milliliters (mililitros)1 cup (taza) 0.24 liters (litros)1 quart (cuarto) 0.95 liters (litros)1 liter (litro) 4.227 cups (tazas)1 liter (litro) 1.057 quarts (cuartos)1 liter (litro) 0.264 U.S. gallons (galones americanos)1 U.S. gallon (galà ³n americano) 3.785 liters (litros) Area (superficie) 1 square centimeter (centà ­metro cuadrado) 0.155 square inches (pulgadas cuadradas)1 square inch (pulgada cuadrada) 6.4516 square centimeters (centà ­metros cuadrados)1 square foot (pie cuadrado) 929 square centimeters (centà ­metros cuadrados)1 acre (acre) 0.405 hectares (hectà ¡reas)1 hectare (hectà ¡rea) 2.471 acres (acres)1 square kilometer (kilà ³metro cuadrado) 0.386 square miles (millas cuadradas)1 square mile (milla cuadrada) 2.59 square kilometers (kilà ³metros cuadrados) Of course, mathematical accuracy isnt always necessary. For example, if you remember that a kilogram is a bit more than 2 pounds and a liter is a bit more than a quart, thats close enough for many purposes. And if youre driving, remember that a speed-limit sign that says 100 kilà ³metros por hora means you shouldnt be driving more than 62 miles per hour. Sample Spanish Sentences Involving Measurements  ¿Realmente necesitamos 2 litros de agua al dà ­a? (Do we really need 2 liters of water per day?) El hombre mà ¡s grande del mundo tenà ­a 2 metros 29 de estatura y un peso de 201 kilogramos. (The tallest man in the world had a height of 2.29 meters and a weight of 201 kilograms.) El territorio mexicano abarca una superficie de 1.960.189 kilà ³metros cuadrados sin contar sus islas o mares. (The Mexican territory covers an area of 1,960,189 square kilometers not counting its islands or seas.) La velocidad de la luz en el vacà ­o es una constante universal con el valor 299.792.458 metros por segundo. (The speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant with a value of 299,792,458 meters per second.) Los hoteles de esta zona deben tener la habitacià ³n doble de 12 metros cuadrados mà ­nimo. (Hotels in this zone should have double rooms of at least 12 square meters in area.) La diferencia de 10 centà ­metros no se percibe ni importa. (The difference of 10 centimeters is neither noticeable nor important.) Hay casi 13,000 kilà ³metros entre Londres y Johannesburgo. (There are almost 13,000 kilometers between London and Johannesburg.) Key Takeaways All Spanish-speaking countries use the metric system, although British and indigenous measurements sometimes have specialized uses.Outside the United States, most native Spanish speakers are unfamiliar with everyday British measures even if they understand what the words mean.The Spanish words for metric units are very similar to the corresponding English words.

The Disunited States Of America Essay - 1536 Words

Lauren Solouki Mr. Martin AP English Language and Composition June 8, 2016 The Disunited States of America As you walk through the streets of Los Angeles, it is impossible to let the cultural diversity escape you. You can hear snippets of conversations in Hebrew, Farsi, French, Mandarin, and about every other language in existence. This diversity is not just confined within the walls of Los Angeles. It is pervasive throughout the United States. Thomas Paine’s characterization of America in The Rights of Man as a country made up of â€Å"people from different nations, accustomed to different forms and habits of government, speaking different languages, and more different in their modes of worship† still holds to be true in modern times. However, Paine’s assertion that â€Å"by the simple operation of constructing government on the principles of society and the rights of man, every difficulty [that evolves from these differences] retires† no longer applies in today’s world. Though our government has a constitution that upholds these â€Å"principles of so ciety† and â€Å"rights of man,† difficulty has certainly not â€Å"retire(d)†. As Paine’s book proceeds to evaluate the consequences of our society, it fails to capture the struggles that have arisen in our time to face increasing multiculturalism and inequality. America’s united front is beginning to dismantle as inequality and discord increases on the basis of wealth, race, and political partisanship. We have declined in social mobility andShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Governments Of Ancient Greece And Rome970 Words   |  4 PagesAfter removing themselves from under the power of England, the former colonies, now states, were fiercely independent, a trait that was further reinforced by the American Revolution. As such, The Federalist essays oft use many examples based on the types of governments of Ancient Greece and Rome. 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Class Distinctions In Ww2 Literature Essay Research free essay sample

Class Differentiations In Ww2 Literature Essay, Research Paper In about every civilization, certain differentiations exist which elevate peculiar members of society above others. These differentiations may be based upon age, wisdom, lineage, gender or profession, but more frequently than non, category lines seem to be drawn on the footing of wealth. While the being of these position groups may be harmless, when bias prevents the motion of persons or societal groups between and within categories, valuable human resources are being put to waste. This issue was of concern during the First World War. While the category system in topographic point in Western Europe did let for a certain sum of societal mobility, differentiations among categories were however apparent and good defined. Both Erich Maria Remarque # 8217 ; s All Quiet on the Western Front and Evadne Price # 8217 ; s Not So Quiet # 8230 ; name attending to the thought that societal place should be of small or no significance in the face of wartime # 8217 ; s human hurting, agony and d ecease. In All Quiet, the chief character, a immature German named Paul Baumer, enlists in the ground forces. Initially, in his company, two distinguishable categories of persons exist. Paul and his four classmates are good educated and of a higher station in life. They are still adolescents, fresh from school, and have volunteered for the war. The other group consists of provincials and common labourers. In the beginning of the novel the reader is made keenly cognizant of the differences between the two groups as Paul introduces the characters. Paul mentions his fellow schoolmates foremost. This telling lends the thought that Paul thinks more extremely of his schoolmates than he does of the other less-educated soldiers. The distinction is farther heightened by the sentence structure used. The common soldiers are described in an wholly different paragraph from the educated male childs. Standing in the muss line, Paul says that # 8220 ; shut behind us were our friends # 8221 ; ( Remarque 3 ) . Not merely are these work forces physically # 8220 ; behind # 8221 ; in the line, they are besides # 8220 ; behind # 8221 ; in societal position. Besides interesting to observe is the fact that as # 8220 ; our friends, # 8221 ; these common work forces are merely of import or memorable in so much as they relate to Paul and his schoolmates. The pronoun # 8220 ; our # 8221 ; gives a sense of ownership and therefore a certain sum of lower status in comparing to the educated male childs. As the novel progresses, so make Paul # 8217 ; s relationships and regard for his fellow soldiers. Paul rapidly learns that experience and wisdom are possibly more valuable than faculty members. While reminiscing with his schoolmates about old school yearss, Paul comes to the decision that in war, rational cognition is about useless. As pupils, Paul and his schoolmates were put through a strict and demanding course of study by their headmaster Kantorek. However, the information that they learned now has no practical application. During combat, cognizing the intent of the Poetic League of Gottingen or the figure of dwellers of Melbourne seems worthless to a soldier in comparing to cognizing # 8220 ; that it is best to lodge a bayonet in the belly because there it doesn # 8217 ; t acquire jam-packed, as it does in the ribs # 8221 ; ( Remarque 85 ) . Paul # 8220 ; [ remembers ] mighty small of all that trash. Anyhow, it has neer been the slightest usage to us # 8221 ; ( Remarque 8 5 ) . In contrast to the useless information memorized in school, life-experiences are of great wartime value. Remarque uses the character of Stanislaus Katczinsky to show this point. Kat is 40 old ages of age at the beginning of the novel and has a married woman and kids at place. He is a resourceful, imaginative adult male, and ever seems able to happen nutrient, vesture, and covers whenever he and his friends need them and therefore becomes the group # 8217 ; s unofficial leader. Paul describes him as holding # 8220 ; a singular olfactory organ for dirty conditions, good nutrient, and soft occupations # 8221 ; ( Remarque 4 ) . Kat # 8217 ; s accomplishments are direct consequences of his age and experience. They are gained through life non school-learning. Despite being comparatively uneducated, Kat is presented as the cleverest of all the characters. As the war continues, the lines between the two groups within Paul # 8217 ; s company Begin to melt. During the class of his experience with war, Paul disaffiliates himself from those social icons, such as parents, seniors, school, and faith, which had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment yearss. His new society becomes the company, his fellow trench soldiers. They are a group who understand the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Digesting the same hideous conditions and holding merely one another on which to trust, the work forces become connected in a manner that does non happen in civilian life. While Kat and Paul roast a stolen goose, Paul comments that even without speech production, the two work forces have # 8220 ; a more complete Communion with one another than even lovers have # 8221 ; ( Remarque 94 ) . Paul # 8217 ; s drift to stay in the war is to remain alongside his companions. He no longer has any semblances about contending for the glorification of his state. They genuinely care for one another and have been bonded by their common apprehension of what war truly is. When Paul is stranded in a shell hole after traveling out on a patrol, Kat and one of Paul # 8217 ; s schoolmates risk their ain lives to come expression for him with a stretcher. The soldiers will make anything and travel to any lengths for their friends. Evadne Price # 8217 ; s Not So Quiet # 8230 ; was written as a response to All Qu iet from a woman’s position. In contrast to All Quiet, the category lines that exist between the characters are non erased through the necessity of war. While some of the stupidity and thriftlessness associated with war is addressed in the novel, the societal differentiations still remain, even in the head of the chief character. For the supporter in Not So Quiet # 8230 ; , category is the finding factor in her place in the war. In order to be ambulance drivers, immature adult females are required to be of a certain societal degree. Smith is # 8220 ; the characterless girl of a characterless male parent who made money, sold his concern, retired, and is passing the remainder of his life in a large house on Wimbledon Common # 8221 ; ( Price 23 ) . The adult females volunteer to pay for the privilege of driving the hurt soldiers to infirmaries. Due to the pecuniary demands necessary to work the occupation, merely misss of upper category households are able to afford to make this occupation. On top of this, a miss # 8217 ; s familial background and ethical motives are considered and impact her eligibility. The work is hard, the hours are long, and the nutrient about uneatable, yet all the misss must be the # 8220 ; gently-bred, educated adult females they insist on so stiffly for this work that seemingly can non be done by adult females incapable of talking English with a public-school speech pattern # 8221 ; ( Price 60 ) . Throughout the novel, Smith inquiries the cogency of these demands to be in the voluntary assistance withdrawal. Smith seems to differ with regulations that limit the chance for an person to make a occupation when that individual has the ability. In visible radiation of Skinny and Frost # 8217 ; s discharge for sapphism, Smith comments that ethical motives do non # 8220 ; [ affair ] two hoots when it comes to convoying wounded work forces # 8221 ; ( Price 126 ) . She states that # 8220 ; personally, if I were taking adult females to drive heavy ambulances, their moral characters wouldn # 8217 ; T worry me. It would be # 8216 ; Are you a excellent driver? # 8217 ; non # 8216 ; Are you a excellent virgin? # 8221 ; ( Price 126 ) . Breeding and rules do non impact a adult female # 8217 ; s capacity to make the occupation. While Smith overtly criticizes the otiose human resources caused by the category differentiations, she does still retain many of the thoughts and ideals held by the upper category. This construct is exemplified through the character of Georgina Toshington. Tosh, as she is frequently called, is the niece of an earl. Price ab initio seems to utilize Tosh to interrupt the stereotypes associated with the upper-crust of society. She has # 8220 ; a head like a cloaca ( her ain definition ) , the bravery of a elephantine, the vocabulary of a Smithfield meatman, and the unit of ammunition, wind-reddened face of a milkmaid # 8221 ; ( Price 11 ) . These features are non by and large thought of as those of a lady, but of all the ambulance drivers, Tosh has the most breeding and is of the best line of descent. This portrayal lends the thought that Price would wish to interrupt the image by and large associated with the British aristocracy ; nevertheless, in contrast, Tosh is besides one of the most sympathetic characters in the novel. She is a heroine. She is brave, knows her occupation, does it good, and is the graven image of the full convoy. Smith has # 8220 ; adored her since the first dark I arrived # 8221 ; ( Price 11 ) . As a member of the upper category, Tosh # 8217 ; s mistakes are readily overlooked. On the contrary, when Skinny uses coarse linguistic communication, Smith does non pardon it. Alternatively, she refers to Skinny as utilizing # 8220 ; despicable linguistic communication, non like Tosh # 8217 ; s good-natured swear words that ever sound characteristic of Tosh and hence precisely # 8216 ; right, # 8217 ; but low shameful, foul someway # 8221 ; ( Price 113 ) . Why is this behavior excusable in Tosh and non in Skinny? Possibly Price intends to demo that Smith has a prejudice of which she is incognizant or possibly Price has unwittingly incorporated her ain bias. Smith # 8217 ; s concluding pointed poke towards the category system imposed on the war voluntaries occurs when she offers to return to France in order to acquire the hundred lbs Trix needs for an abortion. Smith tells her aunt she will rejoin the war attempt but does non stipulate in what capacity. She decides to be a domestic worker. In this manner, she is taking a base against her female parent, her aunt and others who endorse category segregation. She is of a high plenty societal degree to be an ambulance driver, but chooses a place in which she will be working with # 8220 ; awful people out of the slums # 8221 ; ( Price 211 ) . Smith does this to hurt her female parent and aunt. These adult females would wish to believe that they want Smith to be a portion of the war attempt to back up her state, but in truth, they merely want to utilize her to better their ain societal position. They want to be able to state that one of their dealingss is an ambulance driver because ambulanc e drivers are # 8220 ; a most sole category of miss, most sole, all ladies # 8211 ; they stipulate that, you know # 8221 ; ( Price 211 ) . These adult females are willing to set Smith # 8217 ; s life on the line for boasting rights. Monetary value exposes the less benevolent nature of their motivations and the jobs built-in in spliting groups on the footing of category. In the terminal, about every character in both books reaches a common destiny. They all die. While the disappearing of category differences in Remarque # 8217 ; s work seems much more idealistic and unrealistic than Price # 8217 ; s work, it is clear that Price # 8217 ; s unfavorable judgment is fraught with its ain jobs. While denouncing the category system, both the writer and the chief character are still a merchandise of it and therefore unable to wholly liberate their heads of it.